Matribhoomi or Motherland is a term that may refer to a mother country, i.e. the place of one's birth, the place of origin of an ethnic group or immigrant, or a Metropole in contrast to its colonies. This usage is sometimes seen in English, maybe more often in the social sciences. Motherland is synonymous with the concept of fatherland, although perhaps carrying different psychological and cultural associations. From the earliest of times the Earth, and thereby the land, usually was depicted as a mother. Among the earliest of human records, the Ancient Egyptians began the tradition of describing their country as a motherland and even today, often the imagery or personification of a country depicts the gender of the concept for each, for example, Australia, Britannia, Colombia, España, Germania, America, India, and many more. Languages usually display the gender differences of the concept in most countries.

It is a uniqueness of Hindus to treat land as mother and a goddess. Right from Vedic days, Hindus have always treated this land as the Bharata varsha. Earth is the mother of all the living beings. Our elders describe that earth is the mother of all, and that we are all her infant children that feed on her breast - all vegetation is the milk that she feeds us. The Veda (Bhu sukta) praises earth as a goddess. Puranas describe the goddess earth (Bhudevi) as the consort of Lord Vishnu.

The term "Motherland" is very often applied to Africa due to it being the origin of humanity and civilization. Many Russians around the world refer to Russia as their motherland. The term is also used by Americans and people from other former British colonies to describe the United Kingdom. In Spanish-speaking countries Madre Patria can refer to the speaker's own home country but it is mostly associated to Spain (Madre Patria).